Densification mechanism and microstructure characteristics of nano- and micro- crystalline alumina by high-pressure and low temperature sintering

Fully dense ceramics with retarded grain growth can be attained effectively at relatively low temperatures using a high-pressure sintering method. However, there is a paucity of in-depth research on the densification mechanism, grain growth process, grain boundary characterization, and residual stress. Using a strong, reliable die made from a carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon (C_f/C) composite for spark plasma sintering, two kinds of commercially pure α-Al₂O₃ powders, with average particle sizes of 220 nm and 3 μm, were sintered at relatively low temperatures and under high pressures of up to 200 MPa. The sintering densification temperature and the starting threshold temperature of grain growth (T_sg) were determined by the applied pressure and the surface energy relative to grain size, as they were both observed to increase with grain size and to decrease with applied pressure. Densification with limited grain coarsening occurred under an applied pressure of 200 MPa at 1050 °C for the 220 nm Al₂O₃ powder and 1400 °C for the 3 μm Al₂O₃ powder. The grain boundary energy, residual stress, and dislocation density of the ceramics sintered under high pressure and low temperature were higher than those of the samples sintered without additional pressure. Plastic deformation occurring at the contact area of the adjacent particles was proved to be the dominant mechanism for sintering under high pressure, and a mathematical model based on the plasticity mechanics and close packing of equal spheres was established. Based on the mathematical model, the predicted relative density of an Al₂O₃ compact can reach ～80 % via the plastic deformation mechanism, which fits well with experimental observations. The densification kinetics were investigated from the sintering parameters, i.e., the holding temperature, dwell time, and applied pressure. Diffusion, grain boundary sliding, and dislocation motion were assistant mechanisms in the final stage of sintering, as indicated by the stress exponent and the microstructural evolution. During the sintering of the 220 nm alumina at 1125 °C and 100 MPa, the deformation tends to increase defects and vacancies generation, both of which accelerate lattice diffusion and thus enhance grain growth.     

高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展

介绍了高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展，重点阐释了聚合物基体的结构特性（链结构、分子间相互作用、取向、结晶度等）、导热填料（种类、含量、形态、尺寸等）以及制备方法等对高分子材料导热性能的影响。     

微纳层叠聚丙烯腈凝胶流动特性的数值模拟研究

建立了层叠流道的三维模型和有限元网格模型，根据流变测试数据，采用Polymat对物料的黏度模型参数进行拟合，并利用Polyflow软件对聚丙烯腈（PAN）凝胶在层叠流道内的三维等温流动过程进行了数值模拟分析。研究发现，当入口流量增大时，层叠流道出口速度的不均匀性增加；沿流动方向流道内压力逐渐降低，并在出口处降低至同一最低值；流道进出口压力差与入口流量大小具有正相关性；在流道的中心截面上剪切速率分布均匀，波动较小。     

Matrix Manipulation of Directly-Synthesized PbS Quantum Dot Inks Enabled by Coordination Engineering

The direct-synthesis of conductive PbS quantum dot (QD) ink is facile, scalable, and low-cost, boosting the future commercialization of optoelectronics based on colloidal QDs. However, manipulating the QD matrix structures still is a challenge, which limits the corresponding QD solar cell performance. Here, for the first time a coordination-engineering strategy to finely adjust the matrix thickness around the QDs is presented, in which halogen salts are introduced into the reaction to convert the excessive insulating lead iodide into soluble iodoplumbate species. As a result, the obtained QD film exhibits shrunk insulating shells, leading to higher charge carrier transport and superior surface passivation compared to the control devices. A significantly improved power-conversion efficiency from 10.52% to 12.12% can be achieved after the matrix engineering. Therefore, the work shows high significance in promoting the practical application of directly synthesized PbS QD inks in large-area low-cost optoelectronic devices.     

基于带缺失PISA数据对中国学生科学素养的诊断分析

利用DINA模型(Deterministic inputs,noisy and gate model)对PISA2015中国学生科学素养数据进行建模,使用贝叶斯M CMC算法实现对缺失数据的自动填补和模型参数的估计.     

乳酸钠和双乙酸钠对熟火腿的抑菌作用和感官品质的影响

添加不同含量的乳酸钠、双乙酸钠或柠檬酸钠,按照标准配方制作熟火腿.制备后,一部分产品直接进行感官分析,另一部分煮熟、切碎、均匀接种L monocytogenes和L curvatus,真空包装后在4℃储存.与对照组相比,添加2.5％～3.3％的乳酸钠抑制了L monocytogenes和L curvatus的生长.添加0.2％的双乙酸钠对火腿的口感和气味有负面影响.0.1％和0.2％的双乙酸钠对L curvatus没有抑制作用.另一方面,添加1％的缓冲柠檬酸钠可以促进L monocytogenes的生长.     

土壤中有机污染物的检测技术研究进展

土壤污染防治法的实施促进了国内土壤监测业务的发展.对比分析了目前土壤中有机污染物的采样、前处理技术.挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)对采样环节的要求较高,需使用采样器和保存剂来减少挥发损失,进样前提取过程宜选用吹扫捕集等具有封闭系统的高效自动化方式.半挥发性有机污染物(SVOCs)的回收率主要受萃取、净化方式的影响,二氯甲烷和加速溶剂萃取的组合方式既快速又节约溶剂;净化材料宜选择弗罗里硅土、氧化铝类物质.选择合适的采样、前处理方法才能保证回收率、质量控制的要求.     

基于数据挖掘技术的光通信系统信号质量参数分析方法

光通信系统信号质量的影响因素较多,因素之间互相干扰,导致当前光通信系统信号的质量难以达到最佳,为了提高光通信系统信号的质量,提出了基于数据挖掘技术的光通信系统信号质量参数分析方法.首先收集光通信系统信号的质量参数,并对参数进行归一化处理,通过采用数据挖掘技术,分析参数和光通信系统信号质量间的联系,得到光通信系统信号质量参数分析模型,最后与其他方法进行了仿真对比实验,结果表明,本方法的光通信系统信号质量参数分析精度高,可以保证光通信系统的性能,具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Toughness and R-curve behaviour of laminated Si3N4/SiCw ceramics

Laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics were successfully prepared by tape casting and hot-pressing. Its mechanical properties were measured and the impact resistance was discussed. The toughness of the laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics was 13.5 MPa m^1/2, which was almost 1.6 times that of Si₃N₄/SiC_w composite ceramics, namely 8.5 MPa m^1/2. Moreover, the indentation strength of laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics was not sensitive to increasing indentation loads and exhibited a rising R-curve behaviour, indicating that the laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics had excellent impact resistance. The improved toughness and impact resistance of laminated Si₃N₄/SiC_w ceramics was attributed to the residual stress caused by a thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the different layers, resulting in crack deflection and bridging of SiC whiskers in the interface layer, thus consuming a large amount of fracture work.